1.
Experimenting with small-scale paper studies
shows that two planar forms have the ability to interact with each other in one
of three ways (1. Folding, 2. One plane is adjacent to another, 3. Planes
interpenetrate). Through the process of
experimentation, one comes to understand that certain arrangements stand alone
without problem, while others collapse.
The challenge in developing a planar composition is in balancing
physical stability with perpetual dynamism.
The simplest method for achieving stability is the three-plane
rule. This rule states: “a stable
structure results when any three planes meet so that each plane interacts with
both of the other planes.”
2.
An environmental plane is used to define a space
in which a planar object is experienced. A planar structure is created through
the combination of separate planes to make one unified structure. When three planes interact through three
dimensions, they form a stable structure.
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| Fraaiheid, "+ table," 2013. |
3.
Architectonic forms are prominent in the world
of man-made objects (architecture and furniture fall into this category).
Examples include…
a.
Geometric shapes (rectangles, triangles,
circles)
b.
Horizontal and vertical orientations /
orthogonal placement of elements
c.
Contrast of closed and open space (with emphasis
on the transition between the two)
4.
Reflective surfaces posses the ability to effect
the transition of space. This is because
they aid in creating the illusion of space entering into a closed surface.
5.
Planes define volume by virtue of their
shape. They exist to shape and active
space.
6.
Organizational principles:
1.
Organization: The overall structure or pattern
that joins parts of an object together into a sensible, unified, purposeful
whole. The organization of a design
derives directly from its intended purpose, meaning, and function.
2.
Synergy: Emerges through the organization of
separately unimpressive elements that join to produce an outcome greater than
expected.
3.
Order & Freedom: In design there needs to be
a balance of order and freedom. This will create and harmonious composition as
well as interest and variety. A designer must think about which they wish to
emphasize in order to achieve their design goals.
4.
Structure & Unity: A systematic structure
relies on the effective use of unified principles. These principles visually bind a composition
together. (Principles include: balance, proportion, continuity, repetition, etc.…)
5.
Symmetry: The most common type of symmetry is
mirror (bilateral) symmetry. It occurs
when half of a composition is repeated by its reflection in the other
half. Radial symmetry employs the use of
repeated forms that radiate from a central axis point.
 |
Tony Orrico, Penwald: 4: Unison Symmetry Standing, 2010.
Permanent marker on wall. 12 hours. 80" x 216".
Photo by Michael Hart.
Click here for more info |
6.
Repetition within Variety: Repetition creates
order in a composition, but too much of it can be boring. Therefore, variety is needed in order to hold
the viewers’ attention. Repeating
compositional elements of specific relationships develops strong unity within a
design.
7.
Rhythm & Gradation: These two forms of
application with variety use the systematic repetition of intervals of change.
